通过k8s安装mysql

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mysql是程序员一定会打交道的数据库，在学习和练习阶段，都需要准备环境。这里介绍通过deploy、svc、sc、pvc部署单机版mysql，通过helm部署集群版。生产环境推荐使用集群模式，支持高可用。

mysql是程序员一定会打交道的数据库，在学习和练习阶段，都需要准备环境。这里介绍通过deploy、svc、sc、pvc部署单机版mysql，通过helm`部署集群版。生产环境推荐使用集群模式，支持高可用。

单机版

单机版通过手动部署一个一个服务即可，单机版本可用于学习部署方案，单机部署方案理解之后，也可以引申到集群方案部署。单机部署的要点是将单机中的资源通过yaml声明，包括持久化存储pv，卷供应pvc，资源管理deployment，服务发现svc。

pv.yaml：使用本地存储作为后端存储

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apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv-nfs
spec:
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  capacity:
    storage: 8Gi
  local:
    path: /data/nfs-pv
  volumeMode: Filesystem
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Delete
  storageClassName: local-storage
  claimRef:
    name: mysql-pv-claim
    namespace: mysql
  nodeAffinity:
    required:
      nodeSelectorTerms:
      - matchExpressions:
        - key: kubernetes.io/os
          operator: In
          values:
          - linux

pvc.yaml：指定pv

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apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: mysql-pv-claim
  labels:
    app: mysql
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  volumeName: pv-nfs
  storageClassName: ""
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi
  claimRef:

deployment.yaml

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apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: mysql-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mysql
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: mysql:5.7
          name: mysql-con
          imagePullPolicy: Never
          env:
            - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
              value: root                          // root密码
            - name: MYSQL_USER
              value: dbuser            // 用户
            - name: MYSQL_PASSWORD
              value: dbpaassword       // 密码
          args: ["--default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password"]
          ports:
            - containerPort: 3306
              name: mysql
          volumeMounts:
            - name: mysql-persistent-storage
              mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
      volumes:
        - name: mysql-persistent-storage
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: mysql-pv-claim

svc.yaml

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-service
  labels:
    app: mysql
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
      app: mysql
  ports:
  - protocol : TCP
    port: 3306
    targetPort: 3306

部署起来

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# kubectl create -f pv.yaml
# kubectl create -f pvc.yaml
# kubectl create -f deployment.yaml
# kubectl create -f svc.yaml

查看端口

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# kubectl get svc
NAME               TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)           AGE
mysql-service      NodePort    10.1.214.59    <none>        3306:30749/TCP    8m55s

通过IP地址、端口、用户名、密码连接即可。

如果pod状态卡在ContainerCreating，并且日志显示 Warning FailedMount 95s (x2 over 3m52s) kubelet Unable to attach or mount volumes: unmounted volumes=[mysql-persistent-storage], unattached volumes=[mysql-persistent-storage kube-api-access-h4tln]: timed out waiting for the condition，则需要在对应节点上手动创建目录。

集群版

集群版和单机版比较大的区别是实用动态卷供应，可以响应多个副本pod，学习阶段可以通过nfs作为sc，最为简单方便。集群版通过bitname的chart包实现。

添加helm仓

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# helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami

查询mysql包

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# helm search repo mysql
NAME                      CHART VERSION	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION
bitnami/mysql             9.2.0        	8.0.29     	MySQL is a fast, reliable, scalable, and easy t...
bitnami/phpmyadmin        10.1.12      	5.2.0      	phpMyAdmin is a free software tool written in P...
bitnami/mariadb           11.0.14      	10.6.8     	MariaDB is an open source, community-developed ...
bitnami/mariadb-galera    7.3.6        	10.6.8     	MariaDB Galera is a multi-primary database clus...

使用mysql，拉到本地

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# helm pull bitnami/mysql

修改values.yaml

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global:
  storageClass: "nfs-client"
architecture: replication     // 副本模式
primary:
  service:
    type: NodePort
secondary:
  service:
    type: NodePort
auth:
  rootPassword: "password"
  createDatabase: true
  database: "my_database"
  username: "user"
  password: "password"

部署

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# helm install mysql -f values.yaml ./ -n mysql

用户密码

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echo Username: root
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace mysql mysql -o jsonpath="{.data.mysql-root-password}" | base64 -d)

端口

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# kubectl get svc -n mysql
NAME                       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
mysql-primary              NodePort    10.1.45.111    <none>        3306:31398/TCP   35s
mysql-primary-headless     ClusterIP   None           <none>        3306/TCP         35s
mysql-secondary            NodePort    10.1.171.237   <none>        3306:30464/TCP   35s
mysql-secondary-headless   ClusterIP   None           <none>        3306/TCP         35s

踩坑

集群下安装的mysql版本比较高，是8.x版本，需要手动分配权限。

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# kubectl exec -it mysql-primary-0 -n mysql bash
mysql> SELECT host FROM mysql.user WHERE User = 'root';
mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;